Brain areas implicated in the stress response include the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Traumatic stress can be associated with lasting changes in these brain areas. Traumatic stress is associated with increased cortisol and norepinephrine responses to subsequent stressors. Antidepressants have effets on the hippocampus that counteract the effects of stress. Findings from animal studies have been extended to patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) showing smaller hippocampal and anterior cingulate volumes, increased amygdala function, and decreased medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate function. In addition, patients with PTSD show increased cortisol and norepinephrine responses to stress. Treatments that are efficacious for PTSD show a promotion of neurogenesis in animal studies, as well as promotion of memory and increased hippocampal volume in PTSD.
S.R. Zelenz has worked in education for 20 years. Working with students from all walks of life, cultures, races, and social diversity, Zelenz’s research in Educational Leadership led to finding a better way to approach learning for students with trauma histories. Many were juvenile offenders, gang members, diagnosed with varying behavioral disorders, or had family histories of violence, murder, or narcissistic parenting. This research could not be effectively accomplished without further understanding: how epigenetic trauma inheritance may be impacting these students; how brain development from trauma may be impacting their behavioral and emotional development; as well as deep understanding of psychology and its varying classifications for behavioral and personality disorders. The goal is to find solutions for changing the conversation and making a real difference for these students.
She has also worked with nonprofits of varying focus areas for the last 25 years. Her undergraduate degree in Arts Administration and Music prepared her for managing nonprofits of any size as well as procuring funding so that they can achieve their goals. Pairing her nonprofit background with her education background, she has been able to make a difference for over 200 nonprofits worldwide, written curriculum for schools across the globe, and assisted many arts organizations through performance and management.
Anke Hoffmann and Dietmar Spengler* Epigenomics of Early Life, Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany Mitochondria play a central role in cellular energy-generating processes and are master regulators of cell life. They …
Alana Rogers, BA(Hons)1; Shelley Obst, BAppSc(Hons)1; Samantha J. Teague, PhD1; et alLarissa Rossen, PhD2,3,4; Elizabeth A. Spry, PhD1,5; Jacqui A. Macdonald, PhD1,5,6; Matthew Sunderland, PhD7; Craig A. Olsson, PhD1,5,6; George Youssef, PhD1,5; Delyse Hutchinson, PhD1,2,5,6 Author Affiliations JAMA Pediatr. Published online September 14, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2910 FullText Question Are maternal perinatal depression and anxiety adversely associated with social-emotional, cognitive, language, motor, and adaptive behavior development in offspring …
Michael AP Bloomfield, Robert A McCutcheon, Matthew Kempton, Tom P Freeman, Oliver Howes Imperial College London, United Kingdom; University College London, United Kingdom; Kings College London, United Kingdom; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research …